If the object is a direct object, the line is vertical. The verb and its object, when present, are separated by a line that ends at the baseline. The predicate must contain a verb, and the verb either requires other sentence elements to complete the predicate, permits them to do so, or precludes them from doing so. The subject is written on the left, the predicate on the right, separated by a vertical bar which extends through the base. The diagram of a simple sentence begins with a horizontal line called the base. Simple sentences in the Reed–Kellogg system are diagrammed according to these forms: ![]() ![]() Some teachers continue to use the Reed–Kellogg system in teaching grammar, but others have discouraged it in favor of more modern tree diagrams. Most methods of diagramming in pedagogy are based on the work of Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg.
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